Voyage Planning
Principles of Voyage Planning One of the most important procedures on a ship is that of voyage planning. A passage plan is a thorough, berth to berth guide, that identifies potential difficulties or risks on the proposed voyage. There are four stages of Voyage...
GPS Jamming & Spoofing
In 1978, the first experimental Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite was launched and was originally intended for military use, however in the 1980’s the system was made available for civilian use. GPS is a satellite-based navigation system consisting of 27...